There are a number of mortgage property rights. These rights, The objective is divided into two categories: Home and consequential. The main objective, The relationship between subject and object is mortgaged And the consequential objective, Expression relationship with mortgage property is mortgaged. We know money is what man tends to it And eliminates to their needs. For this purpose, owner may need to be on his mortgaged Tsrfaty. It may even be used to capture transporter. Therefore, in continue to explore a variety of possible possession by mortgagor, This topic is the mortgagor's rights over the mortgaged property And we will investigate Rights as mortgagee in possession of the mortgagor, How to be considered. For Sale by accepting the validity of the theory also mortgaged, the owner will comply And also Despite the objective mortgaged, He also reserved the right to stay, Because compromise mortgagor and the buyer has a relative effect and will not prejudice the right of the mortgagee.

According to the law passed in 1929, the offense of unlawful transfer of other peoples property is considered as a special type of the offense of fraud. In this offense as in the offense of fraud, the perpetrator transfers other peoples property to the third person with trickery and deception. While he, at the moment of transference, realizes that the property does not belong to him and is not authorized by the owner as well. But, he refuses to tell the truth. Of course, it should also be observed that according to this law, in the event that the transference, at the moment of transference, is aware of the fact, but remains silent, he would also have found guilty.It is noteworthy that in conformity with the above-mentioned law, under special conditions, the real owner of the property may also be counted as the accomplice.

From the past, space activities which has been extremely important for governments as the main and traditional players in the space industry, are now attractive to non-governmental and private individuals, who are the new actors in the space industry. Undoubtedly, in this field, technology is a prerequisite for implementation and development of space activities. Developing and less developed governments are trying to pave the way for these activities by passing national space legislations, but it should be noted that there are still many obstacles in this way. One of these obstacles is existence of restrictive acts and regulations of developed countries on transfer of technology in space industry. Identifying dimensions of these barriers and limitations and evaluating them from the standpoint of intellectual property rights is the subject of this article. The conflict between tendency towards commercialization of space activities and tight control over technology transfer in the space industry is one of the results that this article has achieved.

This research is about comparative and economic analysis of risk transfer point in general property sale. Authors sought to answer this question: “what is the time of risk transfer point in general property sale”? This question is addressed through examination of the Vienna Convention, Iranian and English legal systems. Studying these three legal systems shows that the risk is a material and objective concept; meaning that in each of these three legal systems, the criterion of risk transfer in general property is the time during which the goods are in possession. Therefore, in legal systems, including Iranian law, based on a defensible belief (despite contrary opinions), the transfer of ownership of general property is effected as soon as the parties agree; the point at which risk transfers is not necessarily linked to a material event (delivery, possession, or other deliverable conditions). Because the party who possess the property is naturally responsible for risk, or at least has more suitable condition than the other party. In English law as well, the analysis of risk transfer point in general property, distinguishes between abstract and external realm. However the main issue is the required criterion to assess the time and point that is often determined in accordance with the circumstances of the contract or its customary practice, which is clearly addressed in Vienna Convention in some cases. From the economic analysis perspective, avoidance of moral risk, resulted by the information superiority of the seller, necessitate transfer of risk at the point of delivery to the customer, in such a way that the he is capable of various forms of disposal. In other hand, it is concluded that according to the logic of economic analysis, the seller’s position in a sale of a general property is more suitable for insuring the subject matter than the buyer

Compulsory acquisition is the result and outcome of forced purchase or compulsory sale in its general sense and can be applied only when the necessary conditions exist and obstacles are absent. It is an exception to the means of acquisition stipulated in civil law. Moreover, in cases other than compulsory acquisition or in instances where properties are legally deemed lost, a judicial ruling upon the owners' request for property valuation merely signifies the possibility of an ordinary sale to the government or executive bodies. Even the issuance of an enforcement order by property owners against the government or executive bodies to claim the value of a property in possession—where no acquisition plan exists—does not in itself transform the permissibility of purchase into an obligation or transfer ownership from the individuals to the government or executive bodies. In fact, despite a court ruling or even an enforcement order, property owners still retain undeniable legal and religious rights over the realized and unrealized benefits of their properties, including legal compensation for their use.

The empowerment of each country in the fields of science and technology requires attention to indigenous knowledge and, of course, the use of the experiences of developed countries in these areas. Therefore, production and technology transfer should be considered together in order to prevent the waste of time and energy, also provide scientific grounds for localization. This is important when the intellectual property of technology transfer, as a supportive power of the technology owner, is also taken into consideration. Because of its importance, in this paper, by presenting a model, we draw a proper path in the production of domestic technology along with the transfer of technology that has been consulted by the elite. The resulting model explains the process of manufacturing and transferring technology from the legislative stage to the product delivery of the technology. In this model four phases of infrastructure, creation, supportive and final are considered. In the infrastructure phase, the legal dimensions of intellectual property laws as well as methods for creating the right conditions for the transfer and production of technology in the Government, Parliament and the Guardian Council are examined. In the phase of creation, the responsibilities assigned to the relevant ministries, as well as the improvement of the power of science and technology parks along with the appropriate direction for them. The supportive phase is a guarantee of the implementation of the law and, in addition, it has a supportive role in creating a suitable platform for technology vendors. Finally, the process of fusing and commercializing technology in the final phase is examined.

Field and Aims: Currently, technology has expanded so much that without a doubt, its access and development indicators have become one of the necessities of human societies, that is why the transfer of technology in international trade is considered one of the important necessities, and knowing the goals, methods the way of transfer, influential issues and its support are very important. Method: The present research was carried out with a descriptive analytical method. Finding and Conclusion: The results of this research show that the protective rules of intellectual property facilitate the process of technology transfer in the field of international trade. In this field, there are many models, agreements, treaties, etc. Which of them is of great importance globally. However, the initial agreements presented lacked the protective aspects of intellectual property and prioritized other factors effective in attracting foreign investment and technology. But newer models focus on strengthening aspects of intellectual property. protection and rely on removing other barriers.

The intellectual property in the field of intellectual property and industrial property amazingly expanded. This expansion of the prevalence of support to ease the transfer of intellectual property in Iran law implies the ability to transfer intellectual property, referred. But the principles of this transfer is paid in addition to portability in common formats as well, there is a legal vacuum. The rules on proof of taxes and the importance of intellectual property rights is relatively acceptable, but in full compliance with the principles of traditional ownership and transfer of intellectual property and the transfer of intellectual property problems transfer some contracts such as mortgages, peace, gift and obstacles facing sales and lease contracts, powers of attorney and loan current law is not responsive. 454 and 465 of the Civil Code with regard to the transfer of intellectual property in the form of swap contracts is possible. The author examines the feasibility of certain contracts, transfer of intellectual property in the form of the contracts, while posing challenges to explain how the transfer of ownership has been correct.

Face recognition from digital images is used for surveillance and authentication in cities, organizations, and personal devices. Internet of Things (IoT)-powered face recognition systems use multiple sensors and one or more servers to process data. All sensor data from initial methods was sent to the central server for processing, raising concerns about sensitive data disclosure. The main concern was that all data from all sectors that could contain confidential information was placed in a central server. Federated learning can solve this problem by using several local model training servers for each region and a central aggregation server to form a global model in IoT networks. This article presents a novel approach to optimize data transfer and convergence time in federated learning for a face recognition task using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). The aim of the study is to balance the trade-off between training time and model accuracy in a federated learning environment. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in reducing data transfer and convergence time, leading to improved performance in face recognition accuracy. This research provides insights for researchers and practitioners to enhance the efficiency of federated learning in real-world applications.